#Dojo floor plan full#
It is NP-complete to determine whether a large room has an auspicious arrangement using only full mats. An auspicious tiling often requires the use of 1⁄ 2 mats to tile a room. In this arrangement, the junctions of the tatami form a "T" shape in the "inauspicious" arrangement, the tatami are in a grid pattern wherein the junctions form a "+" shape. In modern practice, the "auspicious" layout is ordinarily used. In the Edo period, "auspicious" ( 祝儀敷き, shūgijiki ) tatami arrangements and "inauspicious" ( 不祝儀敷き, fushūgijiki ) tatami arrangements were distinctly differentiated, and the tatami accordingly would be rearranged depending on the occasion. There are rules concerning the number of tatami mats and the layout of the tatami mats in a room. Shops were traditionally designed to be 5 + 1⁄ 2 mats, and tea rooms are frequently 4 + 1⁄ 2 mats. Some common room sizes in the Nagoya region are: Alternatively, in terms of traditional Japanese area units, room area (and especially house floor area) is measured in terms of tsubo, where one tsubo is the area of two tatami mats (a square) formally 1 ken by 1 ken or a 1.81818 meter square, about 3.306 square meters. In Japan, the size of a room is often measured by the number of tatami mats ( -畳, -jō), about 1.653 square meters (for a standard Nagoya size tatami). Note that a shaku is almost the same length as one foot in the traditional English-American measurement system. In terms of traditional Japanese length units, a tatami is (allowing for regional variation) 1 ken by 0.5 ken, or equivalently 6 shaku by 3 shaku – formally this is 1.81818 by 0.90909 metres (5.9652 ft × 2.9826 ft), the size of Nagoya tatami. A half mat is called a hanjō ( 半畳), and a mat of three-quarter length, which is used in tea-ceremony rooms ( chashitsu), is called daimedatami ( 大目畳 or 台目畳). In terms of thickness, 5.5 cm is average for a Kyōma tatami, while 6.0 cm is the norm for a Kantōma tatami. The size of tatami traditionally differs between regions in Japan: Tatami being used as sleeping mats, 1309 (see futon)
The rooms having tatami flooring and other such traditional architectural features are referred to as nihonma or washitsu, "Japanese-style rooms". Houses built in Japan today often have very few tatami-floored rooms, if any. Tatami were gradually popularized and reached the homes of commoners toward the end of the 17th century. It is said that prior to the mid-16th century, the ruling nobility and samurai slept on tatami or woven mats called goza ( 茣蓙), while commoners used straw mats or loose straw for bedding. 'spread out for sitting'), and rules concerning seating and etiquette determined the arrangement of the tatami in the rooms. Rooms completely spread with tatami came to be known as zashiki ( 座敷, lit. This architectural style reached its peak of development in the Muromachi period, when tatami gradually came to be spread over whole rooms, beginning with small rooms. In the Kamakura period, there arose the shoin-zukuri architectural style of residence for the samurai and priests who had gained power.
During the Heian period, when the shinden-zukuri architectural style of aristocratic residences was consummated, the flooring of shinden-zukuri palatial rooms were mainly wooden, and tatami were only used as seating for the highest aristocrats.
The lower classes had mat-covered earth floors. Tatami were originally a luxury item for the nobility. This indicates that the early tatami were thin and could be folded up when not used or piled in layers. The term tatami is derived from the verb tatamu ( 畳む), meaning 'to fold' or 'to pile'.
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